Co je to rozpo\u010det? Je to pouh\u00fd soubor \u010d\u00edsel, jen\u017e ovliv\u0148uje \u017eeny a mu\u017ee bez rozd\u00edlu?<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Ne. N\u00ed\u017ee se dozv\u00edte pro\u010d.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n
Rozpo\u010det p\u0159edstavuje komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdkaz o soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech a priorit\u00e1ch vl\u00e1dy. Rozpo\u010dty ur\u010duj\u00ed, jak se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jak jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny a kdo z nich m\u00e1 prosp\u011bch. Av\u0161ak ne v\u017edy se d\u00e1 mluvit o rovn\u00e9m p\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00ed, \u017ee?<\/span><\/p>\n Genderov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zam\u011bstnanosti, podnik\u00e1n\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostech ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo t\u011bmto nerovnostem a zajistilo se, \u017ee v\u00fddaje budou odpov\u00eddat pot\u0159eb\u00e1m mu\u017e\u016f i \u017een, je pot\u0159eba nastolit spravedlnost v rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a zkoumat dopad rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed na situaci v\u0161ech pohlav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n Ka\u017ed\u00e1 realizace projektu je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry d\u00e1na zdrojem financov\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozpo\u010dty tedy mohou bu\u010f podporovat rovnost \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f, nebo prohlubovat nerovnosti. Genderov\u011b citliv\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed implementaci takov\u00fdch politik, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 monitorovat, zda jsou alokace v souladu s politick\u00fdmi z\u00e1vazky a maj\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd dopad. Zahrnuje anal\u00fdzu skute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na \u017eeny a d\u00edvky ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s mu\u017ei a chlapci s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k jejich odli\u0161n\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m a priorit\u00e1m. V\u00fdsledkem jsou lep\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed o tom, jak by m\u011bly b\u00fdt jednotliv\u00e9 strategie vytv\u00e1\u0159eny, upravov\u00e1ny a p\u0159ehodnocov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n V posledn\u00edch letech se v r\u00e1mci rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch proces\u016f EU \u0161iroce uplat\u0148uje genderov\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed. Praktiky a metodiky pro zaveden\u00ed a udr\u017een\u00ed genderov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed v Evrop\u011b sleduj\u00ed dva c\u00edle: zahrnout realitu \u017eivota \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f do rozpo\u010dt\u016f a zviditelnit existuj\u00edc\u00ed nerovnosti v rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n Pokud se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zem\u011b EU, podle pr\u016fzkumu OECD o postupech genderov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 2016 v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed OECD (59 % respondent\u016f) genderov\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed explicitn\u011b neprov\u00e1d\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina (90 %) v\u0161ak uv\u00e1d\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f na podporu rovnosti \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f. N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed uvedlo, \u017ee rovnost \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f je \u201emainstreamov\u00e1na\u201c v tom smyslu, \u017ee odpov\u011bdnost za prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to agendy v r\u00e1mci p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch oblast\u00ed politiky spad\u00e1 pod p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 ministerstva. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina zem\u00ed OECD, kter\u00e9 byly dotazov\u00e1ny (15 ze 34 \u010dlen\u016f), uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee zavedly (Rakousko, Belgie, Finsko, Island, Izrael, Japonsko, Korea, Mexiko, Nizozemsko, Norsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko), pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed zav\u00e9st (It\u00e1lie) nebo aktivn\u011b uva\u017euj\u00ed o zaveden\u00ed (Turecko, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika) genderov\u011b citliv\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n V\u00fdsledkem toho, \u017ee se genderov\u011b citliv\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo i mimo EU, vznikly po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b r\u016fzn\u00e9 iniciativy, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnosti pohlav\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na k napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v \u017een. V Indii byl s pomoc\u00ed organizace UN Women zaveden program\u00a0 <\/span>Equal Half: Gender Responsive Budgeting and Planning<\/span><\/i><\/a>, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee cel\u00fd proces sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu bude prob\u00edhat s respektem k pot\u0159eb\u00e1m \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f a pos\u00edl\u00ed tak postaven\u00ed \u017een. \u017deny tvo\u0159\u00ed polovinu indick\u00e9 populace a maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro jej\u00ed ekonomiku. Rozd\u00edl v odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed mu\u017e\u016f a \u017een v Indii v\u0161ak pat\u0159\u00ed k nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u017eeny v pr\u016fm\u011bru vyd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed 21 % p\u0159\u00edjmu mu\u017e\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n V posledn\u00edch letech je genderov\u00e1 problematika uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na a \u0159e\u0161ena v politik\u00e1ch a programech indick\u00e9ho ministerstva v\u011bdy a techniky a ministerstva zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ce. Venkovsk\u00fdm \u017een\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nem\u011bly prosp\u011bch z \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch vl\u00e1dn\u00edch program\u016f a dotac\u00ed, bylo poskytnuto technologick\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o kultu\u0159e rostlinn\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim pomohlo zlep\u0161it jejich zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 dovednosti a zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich p\u0159\u00edjem. M\u00edstn\u00ed iniciativa pod ministerstvem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a spolupr\u00e1ce krom\u011b poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed na lok\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee 30 % soci\u00e1ln\u00edch program\u016f je v\u011bnov\u00e1no farm\u00e1\u0159k\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n Za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed genderov\u00e9 citlivosti do cel\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9ho cyklu \u2013 od formulace a\u017e po monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v \u2013 zaru\u010duje odpov\u011bdnost za politick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se rovnosti \u017een a mu\u017e\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 tak doch\u00e1z\u00ed k revizi rozhodnut\u00ed o ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00edch a jejich transformaci tak, aby se zajistilo pln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se rovnosti pohlav\u00ed a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed genderov\u00fdch p\u0159edsudk\u016f a diskriminace.<\/span><\/p>\n Genderov\u011b citliv\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed je tedy krokem nejen k odpov\u011bdnosti za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, ale tak\u00e9 k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 transparentnosti a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku i k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zisk\u016fm hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch politik nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d spole\u010dnostmi. C\u00edlem genderov\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed participace stakeholder\u016f v procesu sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm konzultac\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f \u010dlen\u011bn\u00fdch podle pohlav\u00ed. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee genderov\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e1n\u00ed samo o sob\u011b nezaru\u010duje participativn\u00ed proces. Aby byly rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 procesy inkluzivn\u00ed, je t\u0159eba uplat\u0148ovat c\u00edlen\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a metody.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Zdroje:<\/b><\/p>\n Downes, R., von Trapp, L., & Nicol, S. (2017). Gender budgeting in OECD countries. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 16(3), 71\u2013107. <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/budget-16-5jfq80dq1zbn<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n Gender Responsive Budgeting. (b.r.). UN Women \u2013 Asia-Pacific. Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 23. srpen 2022, z <\/span>https:\/\/asiapacific.unwomen.org\/en\/focus-areas\/women-poverty-economics\/gender-responsive-budgeting<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n International Organization for Migration. (2008). Understanding Gender Sensitive Budgeting. International Organization for Migration. <\/span>https:\/\/www.iom.int\/sites\/g\/files\/tmzbdl486\/files\/jahia\/webdav\/shared\/shared\/mainsite\/published_docs\/periodicals_and_newsletters\/gsb_final_%20booklet.pdf<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n What is gender budgeting? (b.r.). European Institute for Gender Equality. Z\u00edsk\u00e1no 23. srpen 2022, z <\/span>https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-mainstreaming\/toolkits\/gender-budgeting\/what-is-gender-budgeting<\/span><\/a>European Institute for Gender Equality. \u201eGender Budgeting as a Way of Increasing Women\u2019s and Men\u2019s Participation in Budget Processes”. Vid\u011bno 23. srpen 2022.<\/span> https:\/\/eige.europa.eu\/gender-mainstreaming\/toolkits\/gender-budgeting\/gender-budgeting-way-increasing-womens-and-mens-participation-budget-processes<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Co je to rozpo\u010det? Je to pouh\u00fd soubor \u010d\u00edsel, jen\u017e ovliv\u0148uje \u017eeny a mu\u017ee bez rozd\u00edlu? Ne. N\u00ed\u017ee se dozv\u00edte pro\u010d. Rozpo\u010det p\u0159edstavuje komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdkaz o soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech a priorit\u00e1ch vl\u00e1dy. Rozpo\u010dty ur\u010duj\u00ed, jak se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, jak jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny a kdo z nich m\u00e1 prosp\u011bch. Av\u0161ak ne v\u017edy se d\u00e1 mluvit […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1926,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[328],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-cs-cs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n